@ Boiling Blood : effectivement ça devait être depuis l'
opium brut. Mea maxima culpa. Voici les deux dernière étapes. Si vraiment ça vous tente je peux vous les traduire en français.
3.) Conversion of
morphine to heroin
base.
The key chemical used in the acetylation of
morphine to form heroin is acetic anhydride, a colorless, highly combustible liquid with a strong pickle-like odor. Though internationally controlled as a heroin precursor, acetic anhydride also used to synthesize aspirin and chemicals for leather tanning and photography.
Morphine hydrochloride or
morphine base is mixed with acetic anhydride at about three-times the mass of the former in a stainless steel or enamel pot. The pot lid is tied or clamped on with a damp towel for a gasket (a makeshift reflux apparatus), and the mixture is heated at 85 degrees Celsius (185 degrees F), avoiding boiling. The cooking proceeds for about 5 hours until all the
morphine has dissolved. The pot is opened, and the mixture -- now a solution of water, acetic acid, and diacetylmorphine (heroin) -- is allowed to cool. Water is added to the mixture at three-times the volume of acetic anhydride, and the mixture is stirred. (Optionally, a small amount of chloroform is added. The mixture is allowed to stand for 20 minutes. The chloroform dissolves colored impurities and settles to the bottom of the pot as a red, greasy liquid, and the water layer is carefully poured off.) Activated charcoal is added to the mixture, absorbing solid impurities, which are filtered out repeatedly until the solution is clear. Approximately 2.2 kilograms of sodium carbonate (soda ash) per kilogram of
morphine are dissolved in hot water and added solwly to the mixture until effervescence stops, precipitating solid heroin
base. Heroin
base is filtered with a fine cloth, set aside and heated until dry. The heroin
base should be a granular, white powder at this point. If still colored (beige or light
brown), the
base may be re-dissolved in dilute hydrochloric or citric acid (8), treated with charcoal again, re-precipitated and dried. Alternatively, in some manufacturing regions, the incompletely purified
base may be packed and transported for sale (a practice probably typical in Southwest Asia). About 700 grams of heroin
base will be produced from each kilogram of
morphine.
Optionally, skilled heroin chemists may further purify the
base by dissolving it in twice its mass of boiling ethyl alcohol, filtering the solution through a heated funnel into a heated flask. This removes traces of sodium carbonate remaining in the
base. The flask is submerged in an ice bath, where it is transformed into a thick white cream. The substance is placed in a pan in a refrigerator with a fan set to blow across the pan to slowly evaporate the alcohol . The paste crystallizes after several hours and is then vacuum filtered. The product, referred to as alcohol
morphine base, is re-crystallized heroin
base.
4.) Conversion of heroin
base to heroin hydrochloride.
For each kilogram of heroin
base (or re-crystallized heroin
base), 6.6 liters of of ethyl alcohol, 6.6 liters of
ether, and 225 milliliters of concentrated hydrochloric acid are measured out. The
base is dissolved by heating with one-third of the alcohol and one half of the acid. Another one-third of the acid is stirred in. Next, the remaining acid is added slowly, dropwise, until the product is completely converted to the hydrochloride salt. This result may be confirmed either by observing that a drop of solution evaporates on a glass plate leaving no cloudy residue or by placing a drop of solution on Congo red paper, observing it turn the paper blue. Once the conversion is complete, the remaining alcohol is stirred in. Then half of the
ether is added, and the mixture is allowed to stand for 15 minutes. As soon as
crystals begin to form in the solution, the remaining
ether is added at once, stirred, and the the vessel is covered. The mixture becomes nearly solid after an hour. It is then filtered, and the solids are collected on clean filter paper. Wrapped in the paper, the solid is dried on a wooden tray, usually over lime rock, and dried in the sun. The fully dried product, heroin hydrochloride, is a fine white powder, ready for packing and shipping.
Dernière modification par raatus (03 août 2014 à 10:25)